APPENDIX.
THE FAMILY OF FRONTENAC.
COUNT FRONTENAC'S grandfather was

ANTOINE DE BUADE, Seigneur de Frontenac, Baron de Palluau, Conseiller d'Etat, Chevalier des Ordres du Roy, son premier maitre d'hotel, et gouverneur de Saint Germain-en-Laye.  By Jeanne Secontat, his wife, he had, among other children,

HENRI DE BUADE, Chevalier, Baron de Palluau et mestre de camp (colonel) du regiment de Navarre, who, by his wife Anne Phelippeaux, daughter of Raymond Phelippeaux, Secretary of State, had, among other children,

LOUIS DE BUADE, Comte de Palluau et Frontenac.  Seigneur de l'Isle-Savary, mestre de camp du regiment de Normandie, marechal de camp dans les armees du Roy, et gouverneur et lieutenant general en Canada, Acadie, Isle de Terreneuve, et autres pays de la France septentrionale.  Louis de Buade had by his wife, Anne de La Grange-Trianon, one son, Francois Louis, killed in Germany, while in the service of the king, and leaving no issue.

The foregoing is drawn from a comparison of the following authorities, all of which will be found in the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris, where the examination was made: Memoires de Marolles, abbe de Villeloin, II.  201; L'Hermite-Souliers, Histoire Genealogique de la Noblesse de Touraine; Du Chesne, Recherches Historiques de l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit; Morin, Statuts de l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit; Marolles de Villeloin, Histoire des Anciens Comtes d'Anjou; Pere Anselme, Grands Officiers de la Couronne; Pinard, Chronologie Historique-militaire; Table de la Gazette de France.  In this matter of the Frontenac genealogy, I am much indebted to the kind offices of my friend, James Gordon Clarke, Esq.  When, in 1600, Henry IV.  was betrothed to Marie de Medicis, Frontenac, grandfather of the governor of Canada, described as "ung des plus antiens serviteurs du roy," was sent to Florence by the king to carry his portrait to his affianced bride.  Memoires de Philippe Hurault, 448 (Petitot).

The appointment of Frontenac to the post, esteemed as highly honorable, of maitre d'hotel in the royal household, immediately followed.  There is a very curious book, the journal of Jean Heroard, a physician charged with the care of the infant Dauphin, afterwards Louis XIII., born in 1601.  It records every act of the future monarch: his screaming and kicking in the arms of his nurses, his refusals to be washed and dressed, his resistance when his hair was combed; how he scratched his governess, and called her names; how he quarrelled with the children of his father's mistresses, and at the age of four declined to accept them as brothers and sisters; how his mother slighted him; and how his father sometimes caressed, sometimes teased, and sometimes corrected him with his own hand.  The details of the royal nursery are, we may add, astounding for their grossness; and the language and the manners amid which the infant monarch grew up were worthy of the days of Rabelais.

Frontenac and his children appear frequently, and not unfavorably, on the pages of this singular diary.  Thus, when the Dauphin was three years old, the king, being in bed, took him and a young Frontenac of about the same age, set them before him, and amused Himself by making them rally each other in their infantile language.  The infant Frontenac had a trick of stuttering, which the Dauphin caught from him, and retained for a long time.  Again, at the age of five, the Dauphin, armed with a little gun, played at soldier with two of the Frontenac children in the hall at Saint Germain.  They assaulted a town, the rampart being represented by a balustrade before the fireplace.  "The Dauphin," writes the journalist, "said that he would be a musketeer, and yet he spoke sharply to the others who would not do as he wished.  The king said to him, 'My boy, you are a musketeer, but you speak like a general.'" Long after, when the Dauphin was in his fourteenth year, the following entry occurs in the physician's diary:—

Saint Germain, Sunday, 22d (July, 1614).  "He (the Dauphin) goes to the chapel of the terrace, then mounts his horse and goes to find M.  de Souvre and M.  de Frontenac, whom he surprises as they were at breakfast at the small house near the quarries.  At half past one, he mounts again, in hunting boots; goes to the park with M.  de Frontenac as a guide, chases a stag, and catches him.  It was his first stag-hunt."

Of Henri de Buade, father of the governor of Canada, but little is recorded.  When in Paris, he lived, like his son after him, on the Quai des Celestiris, in the parish of Saint Paul.  His son, Count Frontenac, was born in 1620, seven years after his father's marriage.  Apparently his birth took place elsewhere than in Paris, for it is not recorded with those of Henri de Buade's other children, on the register of Saint Paul (Jal, Dictionnaire Critique, Biographique, et d'Histoire).  The story told by Tallemant des Reaux concerning his marriage (see page 6) seems to be mainly true.  Colonel Jal says: "On concoit que j'ai pu etre tente de connaitre ce qu'il y a de vrai dans les recits de Saint-Simon et de Tallemant des Reaux; voici ce qu'apres bien des recherches, j'ai pu apprendre.  Mlle.  La Grange fit, en effet, un mariage a demi secret.  Ce ne fut point a sa paroisse que fut benie son union avec M.  de Frontenac, mais dans une des petites eglises de la Cite qui avaient le privilege de recevoir les amants qui s'unissaient malgre leurs parents, et ceux qui regularisaient leur position et s'epousaient un peu avant—quelquefois apres—la naissance d'un enfant.  Ce fut a, Saint Pierre-aux-Boeufs que, le mercredy, 28 Octobre, 1648, 'Messire Louis de Buade, Chevalier, comte de Frontenac, conseiller du Roy en ses conseils, mareschal des camps et armees de S.  M., et maistre de camp du regiment du Normandie, 'epousa' demoiselle Anne de La Grange, fille de Messire Charles de La Grange, conseiller du Roy et maistre des comptes' de la paroisse de Saint Paul comme M.  de Frontenac, 'en vertu de la dispense … obtenue de M.  l'official de Paris par laquelle il est permis au Sr.  de Buade et demoiselle de La Grange de celebrer leur marriage suyvant et conformement a la permission qu'ils en ont obtenue du Sr.  Coquerel, vicaire de Saint Paul, devant le premier cure ou vicaire sur ce requis, en gardant les solennites en ce cas requises et accoutumees.'" Jal then gives the signatures to the act of marriage, which, except that of the bride, are all of the Frontenac family.