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CHAPTER XIX
As Peace-Maker and World Figure
I
T was in the summer of 1904,—his renomination secured and his election certain,— that Mr. Roosevelt began clearly to emerge in the mature sense as one of the great
world figures of his day. The completion of the second McKinley (Roosevelt) term had secured the full establishment of the policy of expansion. Our navy had become strong and efficient under Mr. Roosevelt's guidance. The army had been thoroughly reorganized through Mr. Root's constructive statesmanship and his ability to win the approval of Congress for his policies. We were gaining renown through extirpation of yellow fever in Cuba and our success in sanitary measures at Panama.
The international prestige of the United States was enormously increased, and in the eyes of the world President Roosevelt was the man who typified the Twentieth Century America. He had, of course, followed in McKinley's footsteps in so far as he saw the path of duty leading in that direction. But it had been easy to work with Mr. McKinley's appointees, and Mr. Roosevelt had found no difficulty in holding to his pledge of September, 1901, that he would do his best to carry out Mr. McKinley's plans.
Now, however, the country had deliberately chosen him for its helmsman, and there could be no doubt of its mandate to go forward according to his own judgment. It was not necessary to wait for inauguration day in March. The new mandate took effect on

116

A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

From Puck.    Copyright, 1905.    By permission.

AVE   THEODORE!

election day in November, and his message to Congress in December came with a strength and force that had perhaps been equalled in none of his previous state papers. It was then that he laid down that guiding principle of the " square deal,"—the determination to secure justice to all men to the best of his ability, to capitalist as well as to workman; to humble immigrant or Asiatic coolie as well as to the descendants of the Pilgrims or the Patroons. And recognizing the commanding prestige that the United States had secured abroad as a result of its new policies and recent growth, the Roosevelt administration

gladly accepted the responsibilities and the opportunities that go with prestige and power.

From Pitch.    Copyright, 1905.    By permission.
CONGRESS  OPENS
(The    President    hastening    to    the    Capitol    with
voluminous proposals for new legislation.)
From the Evening Herald  (Duluth)
ALL HIS OWN
(Mr. Roosevelt, after completing President Mc-Kinley's second term, entered upon his own elective term of four years.)

As Peace-Maker and World Figure (MISSING PAGE 117 118)

119

for the Pacific Ocean and the Farther East, we had also a duty to perform in that region. It was our business to maintain friendly relations with Japan and to help support the integrity of China. With Alaska, the Sandwich Islands, and the Philippines in our possession, besides our great States of the Pacific seaboard, and with the Panama Canal in process of construction, it was evident that our interests in the Pacific had become larger than those of any other single power.
Mr.   Roosevelt's   attitude was not belligerent,
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S PROPOSAL TO HOLD A SECOND PEACE CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE, AS IT SEEMS TO A GERMAN SATIRIST, WHO IS THINKING OF ALL THAT HAS HAPPENED SINCE THE CZAR CALLED THE FIRST CONFERENCE.
president :   " Gentlemen,   I   thank   you   for coming ; it is the best witness to the enthusiasm with which you have hitherto regarded the Czar's idea of a universal peace." From  Vlk   (Berlin)
the angel or peace : " Help ! help : From the World (New York)
to use their own influence and power to help keep the world in order. Mr. Roosevelt saw this duty clearly, and had no shrinking from its performance. He did not in the least object to being pictured as the " World's Constable." He believed that it was quite clearly the business of the United States to maintain peace and order throughout the whole of North America and the regions around the Caribbean Sea, including the West Indies, Central America, and the countries on the northern coast of South America.
He regarded it as our duty, furthermore, through friendliness and good will, to serve the cause of peace for the remainder of South America. As

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

119

 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S PROPOSAL TO HOLD A SECOND PEACE CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE, AS IT SEEMS TO A GERMAN SATIRIST, WHO IS THINKING OF ALL THAT HAS HAPPENED SINCE THE CZAR CALLED THE FIRST CONFERENCE.
president :   " Gentlemen,   I   thank   you   for coming; It is the best witness to the enthusiasm with which you have hitherto regarded the Czar's idea of a universal peace." Prom  Ulk   (Berlin)
: " Help ! help ! " (New York)
the angel or peace From the Worm
to use their own influence and power to help keep the world in order. Mr. Roosevelt saw this duty clearly, and had no shrinking from its performance. He did not in the least object to being pictured as the " World's Constable." He believed that it was quite clearly the business of the United States to maintain peace and order throughout the whole of North America and the regions around the Caribbean Sea, including the West Indies, Central America, and the countries on the northern coast of South America.
He regarded it as our duty, furthermore, through friendliness and good will, to serve the cause of peace for the remainder of South America. As

for the Pacific Ocean and the Farther East, we had also a duty to perform in that region. It was our business to maintain friendly relations with Japan and to help support the integrity of China. With Alaska, the Sandwich Islands, and the Philippines in our possession, besides our great States of the Pacific seaboard, and with the Panama Canal in process of construction, it was evident that our interests in the Pacific had become larger than those of any other single power.
INVITATIOIM TO    Z'    PEACE   CONFERENCE.
'COME AND BE PEACEFUL/
Mr.   Roosevelt's   attitude was not belligerent,

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A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

THE WORLD'S CONSTABLE Judge, January 7, 1905

but, on the contrary, was most tactful, and friendly toward all the powers of America, Europe, and Asia. But it was an attitude of firmness and of conscious recognition of power. Instead of arousing the hostility of an ambitious monarch and empire like those of Germany, this American attitude helped to establish us in the good-will of the people and the government of that great nation. Further, we were more free from differences of opinion with the people and government of the British Empire than at any previous time in all our history.
A certain masterfulness that the administration had assumed in its international relations was also felt in its policies of law enforcement at home. The question had been boldly asked whether the great aggregations of capital had not become so powerful as to be able to control politics, the press, and the organs of government. Mr. Roosevelt stood firmly on the ground that law and government must be supreme over the corporations created under the law. It was to be a long and difficult struggle,—that of finding the best way to regulate and
I  won-
chorus of grafters at the window : tier what lie's going to say about us? " From the Tribune (Chicago)
control the forces of modern business without hampering them in their proper development and progress. It is by no means to be asserted that Mr. Roosevelt

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

121

ROOSEVELT AS THE RISING SUN OF YANKEE
IMPERIALISM
(A Spanish view.)
Prom Hojas Sclectas  (Barcelona)
possessed any rare or peculiar wisdom in his dealing with such subjects.
THE   TWO   DOVES   OF   PEACE From the World-Herald  (Omaha)
He had no desire to destroy the forces of modern business. He had none of the antagonism toward corporations that Mr. Bryan had always shown. But he perceived

uncle sam (to President Roosevelt) : " Before you can   bring   about   world   peace,   you   must   establish peace in your own land by killing the trust monster." From the Amsterdammer (Amsterdam)

HE   REJOICES   OVER   HIS   LL.D.   FROM
PENNSYLVANIA
db.   hohenzolleiin   TO   dr.   roosevelt :   " While we are in  these togs,  why not  review  my ships at
From the Amsterdammer (Amsterdam)

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A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

 

THE CHICAGO PIG STY
(Even the hogs blushed with  shame when  President   Roosevelt   revealed   to   them   the   hideous  fate awaiting them at American stockyards.) From SimplMs'imun  (Munich)

KINDRED  SPIRITS OF THE  STRENUOUS  LIFE
(The German Kaiser and President Roosevelt.)
From Puncli  (London;
that if some great capitalistic enterprises were beneficent in their methods and results, others were guilty of oppression, and were prospering through disregard both of the laws of the land and of the natural rights of a host of citizens. Mr. Roosevelt tried, therefore, to find some workable applications of justice, with government and law supreme.

CONFISCATED   BY   THE   BERLIN   POLICE   (See text on p. 128) From Punch (London)

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

123

During the Presidential campaign, the trusts considered it talk for political effect.
At the present time, they think Roosevelt was really in earnest.
THE ILLEGAL TRUST IS BEGINNING TO WAKE
UP TO AN UNPLEASANT FACT
From the Tribune  (Chicago)

TIIE ROOSEVELT POLICY—PRESIDENT OF THE WHOLE  COUNTRY
From the Eagle (Brooklyn)

A STRENUOUS PERBX>RMANCE
pkofessoe roosevelt (in his great trust act) : " Ladies and gentlemen : In order to demonstrate the possibility of controlling these powerful creatures, not all of them equally tractable, I will now descend into their midst." (Proceeds to get out of his depth.) From Punch (London)

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A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

UNCLE JOE  IN  NO HURRY (Tariff  revision  not  greatly  disturbing the  Speaker
of the House.) From the Evening Mail  (New York)

It was not only the prestige and the power of the United States in world matters, but it was also the confidence felt in President Roosevelt himself, and in the fairness and good will of our government and people, that made it possible for Mr.
OH, YES, THEY'RE PULLING TOGETHER ALL
RIGHT From the Journal  (Minneapolis)

PULL, THEODORE ! PULL !

(President Roosevelt and  Chairman  Cannon  in the tariff revision tug of war.)
From the Record-Herald (Chicago)

Roosevelt, in the summer of 1905, to bring about a conclusion of the war between Russia and Japan and a settlement of the is-
THE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY HITCHCOCK ARE AFTER BIG GAME IN THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE NORTHWEST
From the Post (Washington)

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

125

IN DOUBT

president roosevelt : " I don't feel quite certain that I can separate those fellows with this branch." From the Borsszem Janko  (Budapest)

sues involved by the adoption of a treaty of peace.
This  was  perhaps  the  crowning  act   of .Mr.   Roosevelt's   career.     Russia's   misfor-

THE " BIG STICK "  IN A NEW ROLE uncle sam  (looking at the olive branches wreath-ling  the  Roosevelt  club) :   " Well,   I   guess  a  little strenuosity  is  worth  while  in  peace  as  well  as  in iwar."
From the Press (Philadelphia)

CONGRATULATIONS From the North American  (Philadelphia)

tunes in the war made it highly desirable for her that hostilities should end. Japan's financial resources were becoming strained, and it was better for her future power and prestige to end the war promptly than to continue it. Both countries were on terms of especial friendship with the United

THE  END  OF THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE From Klods-Haus  (Copenhagen)

126

A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

THE  PEACEMAKER
("Now, be good, boys, and throw yourselves at the feet of this divinity.")
From   Hojas
Selectag (Barcelona)
States. And thus Mr. Roosevelt was able to bring them into negotiation for settlement, and through his influence and earnest intercession and efforts, the Treaty of Portsmouth was drafted and signed, and one of the great wars of history brought to an end.
This achievement was indeed appreciated in the United States as constituting a bright page in the country's history. But it was even more widely recognized in Europe and
AT THE PEACE AGENCY witboi : " Would you be good enough to bring about peace between myself and Trotha ? I would likewise agree to pay no war indemnifications whatever.'' (The above refers to the uprising of the Bauzelswarts under their chief. Witbol, in German East Africa. This uprising was finally suppressed by von Trotha, then in charge of the military affairs of the colony. The sign reads : •' Great International Peace Agency. Orders carefully and promptly executed. Medals, diplomas and testimonials from several Crowned Heads of Europe.")
From Ulk  (Berlin)

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

127

r—m :	•	.      •..•••      •       - i
THE  TABLETS  OF  AZIT-TIGLETH-WIIPHANSI,  THE  SCRIBE,

NJNETEEHTH FRAGMENT.
In the lines numbered from 1 to 47, inclusive, accompanying the above " Tablet " of " Azit-Tigleth-Miphansi, the Scribe," published in London Punch, is recorded the situation of the belligerent forces of Russia and Japan just previous to the making of peace. " The Bit-Jappis, the heroes of Nippon," had played Jiu-jitsu with the Russian armies—" with their miriadz-ov-kossaJcs in moth-iten-kaftans," and had them " all stymied and 5««-kahd, checkmated and flummoxed." The Russian commander, meanwhile, " inspired by a passion for fighting ... on paper, sits and twirls his mustashig (mendaciously martial), writes fire-eating dispatches describing the pitiful state of Kuroki! Tells his poor little master, who crouches-in-ermin, that all is now ready—one word will let loose his victorious legions " ; and that he " proposes to take for his breakfast next morning Oyama-on-toast, with Oku, and Nogi and Nodzu for luncheon, . . . that he can't quite decide which quarter of Tokio he'll live in." The chronicle goes on as follows':

48.	Then did Teddy the Toothful, the lord of	64.
49.	the Yankiz, the king of the Cowboys,	65.
50.	the ruler of Hennessy, Dooley and	66.
51.	others,—a wonderful blend,  Hohenzollern—	67.
52.	cum-Cody,—who dwells in the White House,	gg.
53.	exchange his rough-riding, vaquerolaik	gg_
54.	garments for a more or less accurate	-q_
55.	classical  costume with property  wings	71_
56.	safety-pinned to his shoulders,—a sweeter
57.	presentment of Peace one can hardly	72.
58.	imagine, .  . . adjusting	73.
59.	his pinzneh, his face wreathing in smiles that	74.
60.	would "easily reach from New York to Vancouver	75.
61.	his prominent  teeth fairly gleaming with hai-laitz,	7g_
02.	with the  olive-branch  sweetly  extended	77.
63.	in nice little portly and spatulate fingers	78.

and pointing his toes in a dancing position he advanced to the parties concerned and,— well, really, they couldn't resist him. To the bay of the oyster did they come. . . . The Bit-Jappis Komura did send sedeit, maikroskopik, frock-coated and silent and like as the shell of the oyster were his lips closed and the pushing reporter could get no admittance
and wore out his boots and his language together
as he tramped the piyazza.
But Nikkithetsar sent the doughty Dewitte
(they expected some muskovaithall and they
got it) ; with a makhia-velyan keutniss selected
an honest diplomatist   (no doubt of malice
aforethought)	E.   T.   E.

128

A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

Asia, where the magnitude of the war and the profound consequences of an unforeseen kind that follow in the wake of so colossal a struggle were more vividly felt and better understood.
Thus, Mr. Roosevelt's international reputation as a peacemaker suddenly flamed up and filled the eyes of an astonished world. Congratulations came from all lands. The Emperor William of Germany is reported to have cabled: " The whole of mankind must unite in thanking you for the great boon you have given it." The cartoonists began with increasing frequency to picture Roosevelt and the German Kaiser together as "kindred spirits of the strenuous life "; and a cartoon in the London Punch to that effect was confiscated by the Berlin police as lacking in the reverence due to two men so noble and majestic, whereupon the irreverent car-

PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT,   THE   PEACE   SHOWMAN " Here, ladies and gentlemen, is the newest attraction.    This bear, a ravenous beast of prey subdued by Togo and Oyama, i:: now so tame that lie subscribes to anything that is dictated  to him." From H-umorMische Rliittr.r (Vienna)
THE MAN OF THE HOUR

THE  LATEST ECLIPSE From the World (New Tori;)
(The  Cuban  people  congratulate  President Roosevelt on his success as a peacemaker.)
From La Distension   (Havana)

As Peace-Maker and World Figure

129

 

He attends to San Domingo

He hands Mr. Castro a few

He jumps on the Senate

He writes on the race question

He lands on the Standard Oil Co.	He attends a banquet in New York

\

He superintends the preparations	He passes a  hot  message  to  the	He pauses a moment to make
for inauguration day	Senate	plans for a hunting trip
ONE OF MR. ROOSEVELT'S QUIET DAYS
From a cartoon by McCutcheon,  of the Chicago Daily  Tribune

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A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career

Copyright, 1905, by the J. Horace McFarland Company.
THE   PRESIDENT   ON   HIS   PORCH   AT   OYSTER    BAY
From a photograph taken in 1905
toomst, Mr. E. T. Reed, drew a caricature of his original cartoon. Both pictures are reproduced on page 122; and another amusing drawing by the same artist, which we have reproduced on page 127, records the deeds of the peace-making Theodore under the guise of an old Assyrian tablet and chronicle.
And thus the press of all Europe made much of the Treaty of Portsmouth; while the Norwegian parliament, at the first opportunity, awarded to Mr. Roosevelt the Nobel Prize as the man who had done the most within the year to promote the world's peace.