The use of this text or audio material is subject to the TR American Patriot user agreement located at: TR American Patriot.com 

LIFE AND WORK OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL

CHAPTER TWENTY THREE

A WORLD IN MOURNING

Messages of Grief and Sympathy—Tributes by Public Men in Many Countries — Official Action l>y States, Cities, Courts, and Public Bodies—Autographed Expressions of Respect—A Special Day of Tribute to Theodore Roosevelt's Life and Memory.
From far and near, when Roosevelt died, there came the tributes of all classes of men and women. There was, in fact, such an outpouring of mingled eulogy and regret that it seemed as if all who had known him in life hastened to show their appreciation of his patriotic career and services to America. Even many of those who had been arrayed against him in politics, and some who had been counted among his avowed enemies, joined the chorus of world-wide sorrow at his death and praise of his virtues, laying their tributes upon the bier of the great American with unstinted recognition of his patriotism and a sincerity that was unmistakable.

In almost every expression there seemed to be a mingling of the sense of personal loss with that of irreparable loss to the nation and to humanity. And those whose sympathy and regret found public expression in the press were but a part of the many that voiced similar sentiments in every community in the land. Popular and beloved as Theodore Roosevelt was in life, it was only after his death that it could be fully realized how deeply he was enshrined in the hearts of his fellow-countrymen. There was no discord in the chorus of regrets at his passing and tributes to his life of service.

Only a few of these tributes of public men and women can be reproduced out of the great mass of laudatory and regretful expressions, but the most significant and representative appear below.

Proclamation by the President

The following proclamation was cabled from Paris by President Wilson and issued at the State Department:

Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America.

A proclamation to the people of the United States:
It becomes my sad duty to announce officially the death of Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States from September 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909, which occurred at his home at Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay, N. T., at 4:15 o'clock in the morning of January 6, 1919.

In his death the United States has lost one of its most distinguished and patriotic citizens, who had endeared himself to the people by his strenuous devotion to their interests and to the public interests of his country.
As President of the Police Board of his native city, as member of the legislature and governor of his state, as civil service commissioner, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, as Vice President, and as President of the United States, he displayed administrative powers of a signal order and conducted the affairs of these various offices with a concentration of effort and a watchful care which permitted no divergence from the line of duty he had definitely set for himself.

In the war with Spain he displayed singular initiative and energy and distinguished himself among the commanders of the army in the field. As President he awoke the nation to the dangers of private control which lurked in our financial and industrial systems. It was by thus arresting the attention and stimulating the purpose of the country that he opened the way for subsequent necessary and beneficent reforms.

His private life was characterized by a simplicity, a virtue and an affection worthy of all admiration and emulation by the people of America.
In testimony of the respect in which his memory is held by the Government and people of the United States, I do hereby direct that the flags of
the White House and the several departmental buildings be displayed at half-staff for a period of thirty days, and that suitable military and naval honors, under orders of the Secretaries of War and Navy, be rendered on the day of the funeral.

Done this seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred an nineteen, and of the independence of the United States of America the or 3 hundred and forty-third.
WOODEOW WILSON,

By the President.
FRANK L. POLK, Acting Secretary of State.

By the King of England

"The Queen and I have heard with feelings of deep regret of the death of Colonel Roosevelt. We had a personal regard for him and we always enjoyed meeting him. He will be missed by many friends in this country, to whom he endeared himself by his attractive character and many talents."	

GEOBGE, R. I.

Canada's Official Tribute

The following is a copy of the official message of sympathy sent to Mrs. Roosevelt on behalf of the Government of Canada by Hon. Sir Thomas White, Minister of Finance, as Acting Prime Minister in the absence of Sir Robert Borden, who was overseas, attending the Peace Conference in Paris:
Ottawa, January 7th, 1919. Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, N. Y.
Please accept and convey to the members of your family the most sincere sympathy of the Government of Canada upon the lamented death of your distinguished husband who was so greatly admired throughout the Dominion.
W. T. WHITE, 

Acting Prime Minister. 

A statement given to the press on January 7, 1919, by Hon. Sir Thomas White on the death of Colonel Roosevelt was as follows: "He was a great world figure of unique and commanding personality. We are all greatly shocked and grieved. To his widow and the members of his family all our hearts go out in deepest sympathy."
Britain's Premier to Mrs. Roosevelt
"I am deeply shocked to have the news of your distinguished husband's death. I feel sure I speak for the British people when I tell you how much we all here sympathize with you in your great bereavement. Mr. Roosevelt was a great and inspiring figure far beyond his country's shores, and the world is the poorer for his loss."

An Irreparable Loss

"The death of Colonel Roosevelt is an irreparable loss to the nation. His virility and courage were a constant inspiration. He personified the Americanism of which he was the most doughty champion. He demanded the recognition and performance of our national obligation in the war.

"Back of all that was done in the war was the pressure of Ms relentless insistence. In response to Ms patriotic call lay the safety of civilization and in this hour of complete victory the whole world is Ms debtor."
chaeles evans hughes, 

By the Chief Justice of the United States "Mr. Roosevelt's death brings to me a sense of deep sorrow, of personal loss. While he was President his kindly consideration never failed, and many opportunities were afforded me for observing the highness of his innate ideals and his courage, all of which combined to make him the distinguished, not to say phenomenal, man he was."
EDWAKD D. WHITE.
By Senator Kellogg of Minnesota

It is quite impossible to express the profound sorrow and grief which I feel as a result of the passing of Colonel Roosevelt. His death will be deeply mourned, not only by all the people of the nation, but by the civilized world.

A most distinguished citizen, writer, soldier, and statesman with the loftiest ideals, his life is the finest example of unselfish devotion to his country, and no eulogy can now add to his fame. He was a great commoner, who, in his heart, cherished the welfare of the masses of the people—a man of the most intense patriotism, who placed the advancement of humanity and the cause of his country above all other considerations.

No one in either public or private life within his generation has exercised a greater influence for good upon the world than has Colonel Roosevelt. I feel his death as a personal loss, since it was my fortune to be more or less intimately associated with him during the greater part of his public career.

By United States Senator Weeks

Colonel  Roosevelt was a very great man, one of the greatest developed during the life of this republic. His unbounded energy and versatility resulted in a vast production in several lines, any one of which would have been considered a life work for any ordinary man. The things which seemed to me paramount in him were his patriotism and greater than even that, his courage. If we measure men's greatness by their effectiveness on public thought or on individual action, he was the greatest man in our time, for there has never been a minute since the days of the Spanish "War, whether in public office or in private life, when his words have not been the guide of millions of Americans. They believed that he was wise, far-seeing and honest in his convictions, and came to have reliance in the belief that what he advocated was his honest and mature thought.

By the Governor of New York
A Proclamation
Theodore Roosevelt, a distinguished citizen of this State and known throughout the world, is dead.

Formerly a Governor of New York State, later Vice-President and then President of the nation, we should unite in appropriate marks of respect to the memory of one who for so many years was a leading figure in all things which had to do with the welfare of the nation.

It is proper that official recognition of the loss of one of our native sons of so much prominence be fittingly expressed in a manner due to the character and services of the deceased.
Now, therefore, I, Alfred E. Smith, Governor of the
State of New York, do hereby order the flag placed at
half-mast on all public buildings of the State until after
the final obsequies.	Alfred  E. SMITH-

By the Governor: geokge E. vannamee, secretary to the Governor.
By a Well-Known Writer   '
In his virtues and in his shortcomings, in his restless desire to do the good thing, in his failure sometimes to do it; in his energies, his ambitions; in his enthusiasm, in his beliefs; most of all, in his courtesy—and, finally, in his splendid patriotism which made him among other things dedicate the lives of all the men in his family to the service of his country, Theodore Roosevelt was the most typical in his day and generation.

Of Theodore Roosevelt living, a million different opinions were had and expressed by millions of his fellow countrymen.

Of Theodore Roosevelt dead, his fellow Americans  can have but one opinion, and that opinion I take it is this:    The man who died today as truly died in the service of his country and for the love of his country as though he had died with a uniform on his back and a *bullet through his brains.	
ievin S. cobb.
January 6, 1919.

Legislative Tribute in Verse
In the Indiana Senate on January 10, 1919, a resolution in verse expressing regret at the death of Theodore Roosevelt, introduced by Senator Negley, was passed. The resolution was as follows:
"Whereas, there has passed from this earth to the realm unknown of man—
A heart always faithful and fearless,
A mind of the fiber of steel, A soul of a patriot peerless,
"When Liberty made her appeal.
A man who was proud of his nation;
A man whom his nation revered; A man who could rise to occasion
When danger to nation appeared.
A man whom the world loved to honor;
A man to whom monarchs deferred; A man, although born to the manor,
His voice for the masses was heard.
A soul that could look to the morrow
With no fear of past to betide. The world bowed with us in our sorrow
When Theodore Roosevelt died.
"Therefore, Be it Resolved, That when this Senate adjourns it shall adjourn, in honor of our distinguished now deceased fellow-American, Theodore Roosevelt, until the hour of 2 o'clock p. m. on Monday, the 13th day of January, 1919.".
By Congressman Julius Kahn

In the death of Roosevelt the country loses one of its most commanding figures. A man of intense Americanism he will fill a conspicuous place in his country's Temple of Fame. He was broad-minded and liberal in his views. He respected men for what they were. He knew neither race nor creed in his dealings with his fellows.
He accomplished many reforms. He was fearless in exposing those who would contaminate American public life. He occupied an unique position in our country's history and his life will be an inspiration to countless generations yet to come.
By Senator Jones of Washington The world has suffered a great loss in the untimely death of Theodore Roosevelt. He was one of the truly great men of the world and of this age. His tireless energy, intense convictions, and high courage, both physical and moral, will be an inspiration to every young man struggling for success. He exemplified fully in words and actions the very essence of pure democracy and genuine Americanism.

By Senator Sterling of South Dakota

The nation now mourns the death of one of its greatest citizens, if not at the time the greatest. Thorough, faithful, and eminently able in all the many positions he occupied during his strenuous life, from his membership in the New York Legislature to seven and a half years as President of the United States, he is famed and honored today for the great and beneficent results he has accomplished in each.

One of his biographers, in speaking of his sense of duty, says: "Mr. Roosevelt's conception of duty ignores all sorts of magnificent ideals at long range and fastens itself upon the tasks which lie nearest his hand."

The lesson afforded by his conception of duty is one for us to heed. The task has been at hand and waiting now since the great and fateful day when the armistice was signed. Its terms, together with the unsettled conditions at present existing, would seem to make the consideration of the terms of peace and of readjustment alone the practical, the imperative duty of the hour.

\
By the President of the University of California

We cannot do without him. That is the first thought. "We need him. We never needed him more. The marvelous range of his information, the variety of his experience, his vision, his knowledge of men, and the general reasonableness and moderation of his theoretical views— all these belonged among the things which seemed to make him invaluable to us. But we wanted him for more than all or any of these.

In this world-overturning we wanted him for a counsel and guidance that should take into account all there is of human purpose and motive among the peoples and nations of the earth. He has not generally been thought of as a wise counselor, but he was—just as soon as he had a task big enough for his powers and had responsibility. There for. He was at his best as an executive, not as a critic. Before going out of office, however, he had registered a vow that he would never play the role of ex-President. And I think he never did. He could have been counselor and guide without being President. This would have set him at his best.

There was only one Theodore Roosevelt. Vehement, virile, lovable, belligerent, courageous, noble. There will never be another like him.
benjamin ide wheeler.
By the Secretary of the Interior

The impress that Theodore Roosevelt's personality has made upon the world does not need emphasis. Whatever else his fame as a statesman, it can never outrun his fame as a man. However widely men may differ from him in matters of national policy, this thing men in their hearts would all wish, that their sons might have within them the spirit, the will, the strength, the manliness, the Americanism of Roosevelt. He was made of that rugged and heroic stuff with which Legend delights to play. The Idylls and the Sagas and the Iliads have been woven about men of his mold. We may surely expect to see developed a Roosevelt legend, a body of tales that will exalt the physical power and endurance of the man and the boldness of his spirit, his robust capacity for blunt speech and his hearty comradeship, his live interest in all things living—these will make our boys for the long future proud that they are of his race and his country. And no sur.er fame than this can come to any man—to live in the hearts of the boys of his land as one whose doings and sayings they would wish to make their own.
fRanklin K. lane.

Proclamation by the Governor of Nebraska

Our country confers few honorary titles upon its leaders; it uses few medals as symbols of outstanding fortitude or distinguished service. But it does deeply revere the memory of those whose lives and acts embodied the principles for which the blood of the nation has again and again been sacrificed.

On January 6th, Theodore Roosevelt was stricken. The flags of the nations of the world stood at half mast and the heads of thoughtful people everywhere were bowed in deference to his passing. His was a life of exceptional leadership and distinguished service to his country.

No monument will adequately symbolize the characteristics of this illustrious American, nor would it be his wish that such artificial effort should be made to perpetuate his memory. He believed in, and loved, the sentiments that were virile and real—the expressions that came from the heart.

Therefore, in order that the people of Nebraska may unite in paying tribute to the memory of one who so well characterized our nation's ideals, and in keeping with an Act of Congress, I do declare February 9, of this year. "Roosevelt Memorial Day" throughout Nebraska. It is my sincere wish that all the people of this commonwealth shall observe that day in fitting manner.

Governor.
Executive Department, State of Nebraska, January 20, 1919.

By the Governor of Arizona

Arizona has lost a real friend, America her most eminent statesman, and the world its foremost citizen in the passing of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. Gifted with a vision accorded to but few men, he has not only forecast events but suggested a way to meet them. Patriotic to the core, he never suggested a policy for others which he was not willing to personally follow even to the supreme sacrifice. We shall miss the wisdom of his wise counsel and the nation will bow its head in grief that its popular leader has been stricken by death at a time when his words were eagerly awaited in connection with the settlement of the world war. It is hard, but trusting in that Divine Providence which doeth all things well, we say' Thy will be done.''
 Thomas E. CAMPBELL By the Governor of Wisconsin
In the death of Theodore Roosevelt, America lost a great man. Nature had made him brilliant, but his great learning and natural ability did not put him out of touch even with the most lowly citizen. He understood the problems of the masses of the people. One could disagree with Mr. Roosevelt and yet respect him. And I dare say that few Americans held the attention of their countrymen for so many years as he. Whether we believe he was right or wrong we could not avoid the conclusion that he was at all times a good and true American.

By the Governor of California

California is greatly shocked at the sudden demise of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. He was one of America's greatest Presidents. He was patriotic to the core. He thought always in terms of America. We love our flag and our country all the more because of Colonel Roosevelt’s courage, example, and intense loyalty. His name will go down in history with that of Washington, Lincoln, and Grant. Theodore Roosevelt is America's fourth immortal.
wm. D. stephens.
_
By the Governor of North Dakota
Colonel Roosevelt was closely associated with this state, as he spent several years of his early life in North Dakota, and his passing occasions deep regret among his former associates and many friends.
J. fRazieR.

By the North Dakota Legislature
Be It Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in
Joint Session Assembled •'

That we, the members of the Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of the State of North Dakota, have learned with deep regret that Theodore Roosevelt, former President of the United States and once a resident of this state, whose pioneer log-cabin now stands upon the Capitol grounds, has departed from this life.
In his years of public activity we gladly remember the things he gave to the nation that will be of enduring good.

Theodore Roosevelt encouraged vigorous manhood. He inspired men with a desire for achievement, and was himself the living embodiment of untiring activity.

He helped to arouse the public conscience and to inform the public mind as to the social and industrial injustice of the times.

He exercised at all times the right of full and free discussion of government affairs, upholding without restraint and of the citizen to speak and write concerning the government, of which he is a part, whatever words of commendation, censure or counsel seemed to him proper to the time and to the occasion.
The exercise of these qualities confers a lasting benefit upon mankind, and for such attributes we desire to remember Theodore Roosevelt at this time, and to place a memorial of him upon the permanent records of this Legislative Assembly.

Therefore, Be It Further Resolved: That these resolutions be spread at large upon the Journal of each House of the Assembly; that the Secretary of State be instructed to send one engrossed copy of same to the bereaved family, and that as a mark of respect to the memory of Theodore Roosevelt, this joint assembly, after retiring to their respective chambers, do stand in recess until 1:30 o'clock p. m. tomorrow, January 9th, 1919.
By the Governor of Kansas

(Telegram to Mrs. Roosevelt.)
I am greatly shocked and grieved by Colonel Roosevelt's death. Permit me to extend to you my most heartfelt sympathy. The nation needs now as never before his clear insight and fearless facing of facts. The world mourns with you. May God comfort and sustain you.

By the Mayor of Boston

America and the world have lost a great citizen. It is a loss which must necessarily become more intimate to every man as time goes on.

President Roosevelt's presence in the public life of our country raised public service in the United States to a higher plane. His service marked the transition from the older political standards to the newer and higher standards of democracy in public life. His great faith in our country and his loyalty to its ideals were an inspiration to everyone who came in contact with him. His faith in the ideals of the American people and his courage in asserting them brought to the new political life support from every direction throughout the country.

Theodore Roosevelt was the exponent of the American family life. He stood for its ideals and its perpetuation. Its homes and its citizenship ever received from him the most vigorous defense of its best traditions. The life of President  Roosevelt has been a great stimulant to the uplifting ideals of the people of his country and in his death one force for higher standards ceases.

His loyalty to and his keen personal interest in his friends make his loss to them a doubly severe one.

Theodore Roosevelt will always be remembered as a man who lived only to serve his fellowmen.
andeew J. peteks.
By the Governor of Minnesota
The death of Colonel Roosevelt comes as a great shock. It does not seem possible that a man that has stood out as he has for so many years is gone. America loses one of the greatest statesmen that it has produced. The world will mourn this loss of this wonderful character.
	J. A. A. bURnquist.
By the Mayor-Elect of Detroit
I believe Theodore Roosevelt did more to eliminate dishonesty and corruption in business and public life than any other citizen in the world during the twentieth century. He had the strength of character and the virility to attract people's attention to the dishonesty of the railroads and the trusts and thereby compel corrective legislation. Even at this time he is a distinct loss to our country.
james couzens.

By the Mayor of San Francisco
Proclamation. To the People of San Frcmcisco:

The late Theodore Roosevelt, former President of the United States and one of this country's most famous statesmen, will be laid to rest tomorrow, Wednesday, January 8, 1919, in the little churchyard at Oyster Bay, New York.

At 12:45 p. m., Eastern time, or 9:45 a. m., Pacific Coast time, funeral services will begin in the Oyster Bay church, where the late former President worshipped.

Out of respect for the memory of this distinguished
American and notable leader of men, I respectfully sug
gest that, promptly at 9:45 a. m. tomorrow, all street car
and other traffic stop; that municipal employes and all
citizens in business or private life, cease work for a period
of two minutes.	Respectfully,
james rolph, je.,
Mayor. San Francisco, January 7,1919.
By U. S. Senator Lewis

"The death of Colonel Roosevelt is the loss of a great man, of a great force, and the loss of a great benefit to America. Whatever differences men may have had with Colonel Roosevelt on party lines, or political principles, all must certify that his fight for cleanliness and integrity in public life did much to rid the nation of corruption in public affairs. All must admit that his labors to force monopoly to yield to private welfare and personal rights started this country upon the course of justice."
J. hamilton lewis.
By the President of the National City Bank, New York

"Mr. Roosevelt's hold on the people has seldom been
paralleled; his great courage was what the people
admired. I do not think Colonel Roosevelt was afraid
of anything, and I believe that of all the lessons public
men can take from his life, the one that will be of the
greatest value to the nation is that of courage in public
life."	fkank A. vanderlip.
By a U. S. Senator-Elect
"He was the greatest American of our time. When others spoke with unctuous equivocation, he spoke out; he dared and did when others palavered. We are his debtors for his tremendous labors in the regeneration of our public life, for the quickening of our national spirit, for the reanimation of our patriotism."
medill McCoRMiCK.
Washington, D. C., Jan. 6, 1919.

By the, President of the American Federation of Labor

I regard the death of Colonel Roosevelt as a very great loss. He rendered service in his time of incalculable benefit. I knew him for thirty-five years, in all his public activities. I worked with him, and even those who differed with him conceded that his sincerity of purpose and high motives and his anxiety to serve the people were
unquestionable.
samuel gompees.
By the Governor of Pennsylvania

Theodore Roosevelt's death is a great national calamity. I can think of no one man whose passing would be a greater loss. Now, of all times, his courage, his clear view of great questions, and, above all, his exalted patriotism, are needed by the Republic. In time of peril or in great public need our people turned to him for leadership and awaited his directing voice. He has typified, all through his life, the finest development of American citizenship. As a public figure, he has stood like a mighty fortress, "four square against all the evil winds that blew."
 
By Senator Calder of New York

(Remarks in the U. S. Senate, January 6, 1919) As a Senator from the State in which Col. Roosevelt lived and as one who believed in him and followed him in his leadership in the affairs of his State and the Nation, I am sure it will net be considered inopportune for me to say a word or two on this occasion.

At the time of his death Mr. Roosevelt was the foremost private citizen in the world. Of all those before the public at the time of his greatest activity, he made by far the deepest impress upon our national life.

As a citizen Mr. Roosevelt approached the ideal. His occupation was America. His relaxation was study. His pleasure was friendship. His family relations, too sacred to be lightly intruded upon, were those to which good men everywhere aspire and good women best understand and appreciate.
Dead in his sixty-first year, Mr. Roosevelt will number his real mourners by the million. Time and history will write his true epitaph. But we today can record the death of a great American, of whom it can truly be said that while he lived millions followed him because they believed in him as a force for righteousness, justice, peace, and progress, and when he died a whole people mourned him.
Cardinal Gibbons: "It was a terrible shock to me to learn of the death of former President Roosevelt. I had been intimately acquainted with him from the time he was elevated to the high office of President of the United States, and we were very dear and good friends. It is a terrible loss to me and to the whole country."

Major-General Leonard, Wood: "The death of my friend, Theodore Roosevelt, brings to me great personal loss and sorrow, but keen and deep as these are, they are but the sorrow and loss of an individual. The national loss is irreparable for his death comes at a time when his services to this nation can ill be spared. Unselfish loyalty, honest and fearless criticism have always characterized the life and work of Theodore Roosevelt and he lived and worked always for his country's best interests. His entire life and work was one of service.''

Raymond Robins, first Progressive candidate for United States Senator from Illinois: "Mrs. Robins and I are shocked beyond words. Our sense of the loss of a statesman and leader in the nation is less keen, at the moment, than our grief at the loss of a loved and generous friend. The greatest statesman of his age, the Colonel was the best loved American since Lincoln. He challenged the conscience of America."

President Poincare of France: "I am very much affected by the death of Mr. Roosevelt. Well do I remember the dignified letter which I received from him after the death of his son, Quentin, in which he informed me that he was coming to France to visit the grave of his son. It is distressing to me to think that poor Roosevelt will not have an opportunity to lay flowers on the grave of his heroic son.

'' The whole heart of France goes out to Mrs. Roosevelt in sympathy.

"Friend of liberty, friend of France, Roosevelt has given, without counting sons and daughters, his energy that liberty may live. We are grateful."

Colonel E. M. House (in Paris): "I am greatly shocked to hear the news that comes from America. The entire world will share the grief which will be felt in the United States over the death of Theodore Roosevelt. He was the one virile and courageous leader of his generation and will live in history as one of our greatest Presidents."

J. J. Jusserand, French ambassador to the United States: "The unexpected death of one who has upheld all his life the principles of virile manhood, straightforward honesty and fearlessness will be mourned all over the world, nowhere more sincerely than in France, whose cause he upheld in her worst crisis in a way that shall never be forgotten."

Henry White, one of the American peace commissioners: "I have heard of Mr. Roosevelt's death with deep sorrow because of the loss to the nation of a great public servant and to myself of a lifelong friend."

Herbert C. Hoover: "The news of Mr. Roosevelt's death comes as a distinct shock. America is poorer for the loss of a great citizen, the world for the loss of a great man."

Robert Lansing: "The death of Colonel Roosevelt removes from our national life a great American. His vigor of mind and ceaseless energy made him a conspicuous figure in public affairs.''

William Jennings Bryan: "The rare qualities that won for Colonel Roosevelt a multitude of devoted followers naturally arrayed against him a host of opponents, but his death puts an end to controversy and he will be mourned by foe as well as friend. He was a great American and made a profound impression on the thought of his generation. His picturesque career will form a fascinating chapter in our nation's history."

Bert Lesion Taylor ("B. L. T.")» in the Chicago Tribune: '' We are one of many who admired Theodore Roosevelt as a man and as a political force. His party label, ' Progressive,' was the only one we ever wore. His virtues were obvious, his weaknesses amiable weaknesses, which irritated only those who insufficiently admired his virtues. He was a great leader, and great leaders are compact of strengths and weaknesses. The good he did lives after him; his frailties will not be long remembered. ' This earth that bears thee dead bears not alive so stout a gentleman.' "

Messages of Condolence

Hundreds of messages of condolence from all parts of the world were received by Mrs. Roosevelt after the Colonel's death. Among those made public were the following :

King Emmanuel of Italy: "I wish to express to you my sympathy for your great grief over the death of your illustrious husband."

The President of Brazil: "I beg to present to you this expression of my sincere sympathy with your grief, which is shared by all Brazilians, whose admiration and respect President Roosevelt won by his generous collaboration in our public life, and in friendly remembrance of his passing through our country." (The latter reference was to Col. Roosevelt's exploration journey through South America.)

Sir Thomas Lipton: "Kindly accept my deepest and most heartfelt sympathy in the sad loss of your dear husband, for whose splendid gifts and qualities I have always had the highest admiration. I regarded him as one of the greatest and most representative Americans of all time, and the world at large is the loser by his untimely passing."

Queen Maud of Norway: "Our deepest sympathy with you in your great trial.''

Ronald C. Munro-Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia: "Deepest sympathy in your irreparable loss."

Brigadier General 8. T. Lian, attache to the Chinese peace delegation, en route to Paris: "I hear with profound regret of the death of Colonel Roosevelt. On behalf of the minister of war and the army of the Chinese Republic, I beg to tender sincerest sympathy in your bereavement."

Senator Boise Penrose of Pennsylvania: "I am greatly shocked to learn of the death of Colonel Roosevelt. I cannot adequately express my sentiments on this occasion. The nation has suffered an irreparable loss. I extend my sincerest sympathy to you and your family."

S. G. Kimber, mayor of Southampton, England: "On behalf of the town of Southampton, I beg to offer the sincerest sympathy to you and your family in the irreparable loss which you and the American nation have sustained."

Former Attorney General George W. Wicker sham, who was abroad, cabled: "Sincerest sympathy in your great loss."

Col. E. M. House: "Mrs. House shares with me the great sorrow which all Americans feel over the death of your distinguished husband."

Mayor John F. Hylan, of New York: "In this hour of your great bereavement, permit me to extend to you in the name of the people of the City of New York the sincere sympathy that we all feel for you. Your loss is shared by the entire nation." .
By a Leading Democratic Senator
Washington, D. C., January 6, 1919. Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt,
Oyster Bay, Long Island, N. Y.

I am grieved beyond expression at the news of your husband's death. Notwithstanding many political differences, he was one of the men in America who stood in my mind for a good heart, a big heart, and a patriotic purpose.
 ["I meant every word of it," said Senator Williams, in a letter to the author three weeks later, "and I mean a good deal more besides. You are at perfect liberty to publish it all."]

 In my Father’s house are many mansions; if it were not so I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. John xiv 2

The genius that can be analyzed is no genius at all. Like the whirlwind, it is a law unto itself. So with the great soul whose flight from earth we mourn today.

To weigh Theodore Roosevelt, to scale his dimensions with a tape, to label and classify his parts, is a baffling and futile undertaking. He presented a thousand facets to life. Packed within his tenement of clay were the makings of a score of average men. Reverently lifting the veil of his personality we see within the statesman, the diplomat, the student, the hunter, the naturalist, the author, and all the others. But it is not vouchsafed us to see the ego, the "I am," the spirit, the bit of divinity — call it what you will — by which he marshaled these potentialities into one and hurled them like a thunderbolt.
Nothing was too little or too big for his earnest scrutiny. Those nearsighted, squinting eyes which millions know and love would scan with equal interest the mountain and the tiny marmot which burrowed in its flank. In spite of the manifold tasks and the weighty responsibilities which beset his public life — which was practically his whole life — he found time, somewhere, somehow, to read and write voluminously; to ride and hunt and shoot and play tennis; to hunt in Africa and explore in South America; to study the conifers of the Rockies and to patiently and lovingly observe the tiny warblers which each spring and fall fluttered and lisped about the grounds of Sagamore Hill.
He had learned the golden truth that the only things on earth without interest are the things of which we are ignorant; that all the appurtenances of the universe, from the tiny desert plant which runs its cycle of life in a fortnight to the enduring and eternal Milky Way, are but the exceptions of the Creator, for the instruction, uplift and salvation of man.

Yet he was no Gradgrind. An irrepressible ebulliency silvered over the dullest tasks for him. He wrestled with them like a boy at play. Hence above all his purely intellectual or practical interests towered his love of Man. From this love sprang his intense hatred of injustice, of inequality of opportunity, of any limitation of political, social or economic rights. And from this love, coupled with the vision of a seer, sprang his instantaneous recognition and detestation of Prussian kultur, making him for the time as a voice crying in the wilderness.

 Thus it came about that he was at once, for a season, the most-loved and the most-hated man, perhaps, in America. Thus it came about that while thousands clamored to be led by him to the cannon's mouth, there were others who sought to do him to death.

Conscious of his rectitude, as genius always is, he acknowledged no bounds for the play of his tremendous energy. In the ardor of battle he tossed aside all conventional restraints. In season and out of season— as we lesser ones would say—he branded sham and pretense and greed and lust of power with the red-hot iron of his righteous indignation—even his anger, as he himself called it.

Yet no one was quicker than himself to recognize his mistakes. And who, after all, shall assume as yet to chart his orbit and measure his deviations there from?

That shall be the task of men yet unborn. For the battle in which he enlisted is only begun. Nineteen-twelve was but the reveille. And 1914-1918, with all its blood and horror, may prove but the skirmish. Today the forces of the world are gathering for the real Armageddon, and we may be sure that the soul of their great captain is watching them from his celestial aerie.

"Many-sided," multi-angled Roosevelt! Equally at home in .the throne room of royalty and the bunkhouse of the plains! Comrade alike of the cowboy and the intellectual! Citizen of the world, champion of mankind! So sweet and chivalrous with women; so frank and kindly with men! A caress for what he loved, a blow for what he hated!

So we call him "Teddy." A few may remember him as Col. Roosevelt j others as President Roosevelt. But in the hearts of his countrymen, as they weep today and as they recount his deeds to their children tomorrow, he will be '' Teddy''—a Christian gentlemen, a faithful friend, a fearless foe.
Requiescat in pace!

The touching tribute reproduced above appeared in the Chicago Evening Post on the day of Theodore Roosevelt's funeral. It was from the pen of Mr. Elmore Elliott Parker, and was typical of the sentiments gener¬ously expressed in the press of the United States in the sorrowful days that followed the Colonel's death. And as it was in the press, so in the pulpit—tributes of love and respect were poured out in unstinted measure.
418
 
A WOBLD IN MOURNING

Personal Reminiscences of Roosevelt
By the Right Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D., LL. D.

I came to know Theodore Roosevelt more intimately when he became Governor of New York. I had watched him with iutensest interest in his political ascent and his continually widening influence among all classes of men. But as Governor of the Great Empire State, I, with others, foresaw a more brilliant career before him, nay, the most brilliant career open to man.
My son, who represented a portion of New York City as Assemblyman at Albany, was very close to the Governor. He was assisting him in the Legislature to carry out several very important reform measures. I went with him to call upon Roosevelt; he received us both most cordially, and, putting his hand upon my son's shoulder, he said, "This is my right-hand man in my administration." When I came to leave, the prophetic instinct which I felt in my innermost nature prompted me to say:

"Governor, the West will want you some day to be President."
Candidly and straightforwardly he said, without the least self-depreciation:
'' Well, Bishop, you know I am more of a Western man than an Eastern man."
We little thought then of the mysterious way by which he was soon to reach the Presidency.

We know now why those who did not love him overmuch and were trying to prevent his going to the White House, were among the foremost to urge him to become a candidate for Vice President. He knew their real feelings and at first was determined in his opposition to the idea. But his sincere friends were just as earnest in their fervent appeals for him to consent. Clearly they laid before him the imperative need to win the election. He was really to be the determining factor in the result.

He said, "I will consent on that ground alone. Above everything else I put my country"; and thus sinking his self-will and laying aside whatever ambition he might have felt, knowing that in all probability it meant turning his back upon the highest prize that his fellow-citizens could give him, he became the Vice President of the United States.

Who could excel him in pushing and climbing without being short of breath? Who could surpass him in changing enemies into friends when they knew him?    Only Lincoln could match him.

I was witness to his marvelous powers of physical and mental endurance on his last public visit to Chicago at the height of the great World War. He made several short addresses on one of these days when among us, and at night spoke to nearly fifteen thousand people in the huge Dexter Pavilion. When I made the invocation in my uniform as a Brigadier-General of the Civil War, with my Grand Army decorations, he called attention to the fact and, turning to the large number of veterans on his right, he said, "I am proud to have one of your number with me on this platform," and then, in a few impressive words he paid a glowing tribute to the services these heroes had rendered in our great Civil conflict.

In the course of his address he said: "This war for me is an exclusive war. I have been blackballed by the Committee on National Efficiency, but I have three sons over there." Then, turning to Major-General Barry, the Commander of the Central Department, he said, "General, I have been Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States for nearly eight years. I gave you your commission as a Major-General. I am perfectly willing to serve under you, or under any other General the War Department may select. All I ask is that I may have the military rank I had in the Spanish-American War, that of a Brigadier-General."

But it was not to be. There were already enrolled, as I now remember, nearly fifty thousand volunteers most anxious to serve under him. His great heart, as those who knew him intimately can testify, was sorely disappointed because he was not allowed to serve as he desired.

On the following day he made a short speech after breakfast, and then, accompanied by several prominent citizens, proceeded to Camp Grant at Rockford, Illinois. Twenty thousand soldiers were gathered in front of him to listen to his speech. He then went to Fort Sheridan and addressed the four or five thousand young men training there as officers. Then he hurried to the Great Lakes Station, and after reviewing ten thousand blue jackets made them a rousing patriotic talk. He then went in a special train to Racine, Wisconsin, and met an overwhelming audience, whom he enraptured by his appeal for an unadulterated Americanism. Then leaving late at night for Minneapolis, he was ready for the fray the next day with two stirring speeches, and afterwards left for Oyster Bay.

 Almost his last notable speech in the West was at Springfield, Illinois, at the Centennial exercises connected with the admission of the State into the Union. It was an immense audience that greeted him in the vast enclosure in the Fair Grounds, stretching so far on either side of the stand as to be almost beyond the speaker's eye and utterly beyond the speaker's voice. I had been requested to officiate as chaplain and appeared in my uniform among my Grand Army comrades. Again he glorified, in words which those heroes who heard them will never forget, the immortal deeds wrought by them for the salvation of the Union. If the fight for that Union had not been won, the fight then on for the salvation of the world could not be gained. The central thought of that glorious address was the need of the united effort of all the world nationalities in this great State to be fused into one mighty, magnificent American whole. All hyphens must be consumed in the fires of that American patriotism, burning as never before, at white heat. There must be but one language and one flag in the whole American domain.

These same sentiments were contained in his last unwritten utterances just before his unexpected translation to the higher service beyond.
As member of the New York Legislature, as Civil Service Commissioner, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Colonel of the Rough Riders, Governor of New York, Vice President and President of the United States, as author, historian, naturalist, hunter, husband, father, and citizen, history will record him as the foremost American of his time, and one of the most illustrious of men in the annals of mankind.

Memorial Services

While many memorial meetings were held within the week following Colonel Roosevelt's death, a number of friends of the Colonel united in urging the Governors of all States officially to suggest that all proposed memorial services in honor of the former President be held simultaneously on February 9,1919, the date set for a memorial service in Congress. This request, telegraphed to the various Governors, was signed by William H. Taft, Cardinal Gibbons, Franklin K. Lane, Senator John Sharp Williams, Senator George E. Chamberlain of Oregon, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, Senator James W. Wadsworth, Jr., and Senator William M. OClder of New York, Senator Frank A. Kellogg of Minnesota, Senator Hiram Johnson of California, Senator-elect Medill McCormick of Illinois, Champ Clark, Thomas A. Edison, Charles E. Hughes, Oscar S. Straus, former Secretary of the Interior James E. Garfield, John Mitchell, and Julius Holz.
The suggestion had the approval of Col. Roosevelt's family, and was generally adopted.

Accordingly, on February 9 eulogies of Theodore Roosevelt were delivered at special services and meetings all over the land. Congress gathered in joint session in the House of Representatives on that day, and listened to a touching eulogy by Senator Lodge, the text of which appears in following pages. In all the great cities orators of distinction moved crowded meetings by their tributes to the former President, which the people, literally in millions, gathered in deep sorrow and respect to hear and indorse.

Next day the press of the country was filled with reports of these great memorial meetings, to which the New York Sun, in an editorial typical of hundreds of others, referred as follows:

AMERICA'S TRIBUTE TO ROOSEVELT

The tribute America paid yesterday to Theodore Roosevelt was a spontaneous expression of the respect and affection this great man's fellow citizens felt for one whose life made them deeply his debtors.

It was not official in its inspiration. It needed no formal guidance. It bore no relation to politics. It enlisted the support of men of every race, of every creed, of every calling, of every station in life. In all its manifestations one note predominated: sterling, unquestioning Americanism.

Its unanimity was amazing. Men and women with no other thought in common, divided on all other subjects, holding antagonistic opinions, joined in praise of Roosevelt and shared their sorrow at his passing.
Their sincerity was apparent not less in their acts than in the words they uttered. They had lost not only a leader, but a friend; not merely a counsellor in good works, but a co-laborer for national and for individual well being. Their words were personal and intimate. The statesman Roosevelt did not hide or obscure Roosevelt the man.

In this intimacy .of feeling the hold Roosevelt had on the hearts of his countrymen was best revealed; and no man without that hold could have called forth such a tribute as was paid by America to Theodore Roosevelt yesterday.

It is manifestly impossible to do more than refer to some of these great gatherings and reproduce in part a few of the addresses made, which may be regarded as typical of the sentiments expressed.
Capt. Chas. E. Merriam's Tribute

At a memorial service for Colonel Roosevelt held in the People's Church, New Pantheon Theater, Chicago, on Sunday, January 12, 1919 (the first Sunday after the Colonel's death) the principal address was made by Captain Charles E. Merriam, of the University of Chicago, candidate for Mayor of the city, and personal friend of Theodore Roosevelt, who had just returned from an important mission to Italy for the United States government. The pastor, Dr. Preston Bradley, an orator of silver tongue, also spoke, and the two addresses were so filled with interesting personal reminiscences of the Colonel that they are reproduced practically in full. Captain Merriam said:
 It seems only a few days ago that in the ancient city of Rome I talked with Colonel Roosevelt's son, Captain Roosevelt, and his wife, discussing with him his experience in the British Army on the eastern front, and his future plans and prospects. Only a few days later word was flashed across the wire that the son of Colonel Roosevelt had fallen somewhere from the clouds in France. It seems only a few days since I saw in the old city of Rome perhaps the strangest combination that great city has seen in all of the many peculiar combinations of persons and people that have come there. We had there upon one day men of a detachment of two hundred and fifty Czecho-Slavs on the Italian front; beside them were two hundred and fifty Highlanders with kilts and bagpipes, beside them Frenchmen from the Italian front, and beside them were two hundred and fifty Yanks from Ohio, of the 332d Regiment, and everywhere were Italians, and I must not forget the Belgians and the Servians and the Montenegrins were everywhere, too.

The great war is over. More than forty million men have
taken part in it; more than ten million will never return again;
another ten million will return handicapped and crippled in the
struggle of life.	,

Now I have come back and I find here a terrific blow struck at our own land in the loss of one of our great leaders, our great statesman, a great dynamic force in American political and social life. And in view of my own friendship with Theodore Roosevelt and intimate acquaintance with him and my association with him, political and otherwise, for so many years, I find it difficult to speak coolly of what I know and what I should say.

(Capt. Merriam then recounted his experiences with Colonel Roosevelt at Milwaukee, when the Colonel was shot by John Schrank. This portion of his address is included in a previous chapter. He continued:)
It has been my pleasure not only to study Colonel Roosevelt at long range, but to know him intimately and to know his personal actions and reactions, and for that reason I may, perhaps, undertake to say a few words about the quality of his mind and the quality of his ability.

It is sometimes said that Colonel Roosevelt was a superficial man. That was not true. Colonel Roosevelt had one of the greatest minds of his time. He had the greatest faculty for observing and classifying and digesting and applying information of any man of his day. He had an instinctive and intuitive faculty of reaching out and collecting facts, and then of making them a part of his life in some way.

It was my fortune to meet many of the notable men of our time, but without disparaging any of them, for all of them are excellent and represent a peculiar type of ability, Roosevelt seemed to me to have the greatest faculty of finding out what he wanted to know and being able to force that immediately into a course of action.

ROOSEVELT AS A NATURALIST

If Colonel Roosevelt had specialized in one of a dozen things, he might there have been as great as he was in his special political sphere. If Roosevelt had chosen to be a naturalist, he would have been one of the world's greatest naturalists, for he had unusual powers of sharp observation, unusual power of classification; he understood plants; he understood animals, and he had a perfect genius for their observation and their classification.

HISTORIAN AND AUTHOR

Colonel Roosevelt was a great historian and a great writer. If he had chosen to give thirty or forty years of his great life to the writing of history he would not only have been a historian but he would have been one of the world's greatest historians, for he possessed the faculty of historic inquiry; he possessed the power of expression; he possessed the judgment and the insight which would make it possible for him to interpret events. And it is generally conceded that he might have ranked high in almost any position that you can conceive in that particular and important field.

A man in a position like Colonel Roosevelt's has to possess a mind that will not only dig deeply when required, but will get a rounded view of things—not too much this and not too much that, not looking here too long nor there too long, but surveying the field, if necessary concentrating upon a particular point, and out of all, knowing something of everything and everything about something, be able to concentrate and work out a particular type of policy adapted to the particular moment. In this Colonel Roosevelt was a master among men, and his ability in this field has never been surpassed.

HIS HUMAN SYMPATHY

Another great trait of Colonel Roosevelt's mind, a typical feature of his career was the astonishing range and breadth of his human sympathy. Not only was Colonel Roosevelt himself a man among men, but he intuitively liked men and understood men of all types and of all classes and of all races, languages, religions; all peculiarities and all types were familiar to him and were understood by him. There probably never was a man in the history of our country with a broader range of human sympathy and a wider range of human acquaintance. One day he might be entertained by an old cowboy friend, and the next day shake hands with a workman, and the next day talk with a great statesman or great lawyer, and he was equally at home among them all. He knew their points of view; he understood their ideals; he sympathized with their purposes; he could talk their language.
 
ROOSEVELT AND THE ANTI-JEW

Some of you will remember what Jacob Riis told of him, the famous story about Roosevelt's attitude in a case involving the Jewish people while he was Police Commissioner of New York. It illustrates my point. There came to New York City a lecturer who was very rabid and bitter in his denunciation of the Jewish people. He turned out later to be an impostor. But he came to the Police Commissioner and said, "Now, the Jews of New York are so bitter against me they will not allow me to speak and therefore I must have special police detailed for that evening.'' The Commissioner said to him, '' I don't believe that is necessary. You will not need that. Our people are orderly and you will be allowed to talk.'' Nevertheless, this man insisted that when he opened his lecture he must have a special police guard. That night when he came in to speak the house was filled with people. The platform and all around the room, as if you were to start here (indicating) and out all around the room was an unbroken line of police, a cordon of policemen, in order that there might be no disturbance. At first every one looked surprised at the presence of so many police, but in a second's time the audience laughed and the meeting adjourned. Every one of the policemen was a Jewish policeman! That was the end of his meeting, of that particular meeting, and the end of his work in New York and America, because ridicule did what nothing else could have done. The joke was on him. And this intuitive understanding of all and acquaintance with all types of men enabled Roosevelt to interpret the mind and the will of the American people on so many occasions when it seemed to others to be doubtful or unclear and un-crystallized. He understood the American because he himself was so much an American; he understood the American because he had seen so many sides of American life.

HIS SELF-MADE ENERGY

We think of Roosevelt as being a vigorous, robust and powerful person physically. He was, at the end and for many years of his life, but at the outset the original Roosevelt was not a vigorous person. He was rather inclined to be sickly and weakly.  He was not a powerful man in his early days, but by his own course of discipline and by his own application he had built himself up physically. He was, in the literal sense of the term, physically a self-made body, he built up his own body, he built up his own power and that amazing energy that was the wonder of the whole world, and having done that he realized the attitude of the powerful, but also the position of the weak and of those who did not have that unbounded vigor that he possessed in his later days.

He understood the life in New York City and he understood the life of the cowboy; he understood the life in the army and on the battlefield, and he understood the life of the legislator and in the administrative department at Washington, and of the political field and the political arena.

COMBINED THEORY AND PRACTICE

It always seemed to me that one of the great characteristics of Roosevelt's career was his very remarkable combination of the theoretical and the practical; his combination of high ideals, of what ought to be, and of practical effort and practical achievement in that direction. This has all the more been impressed upon me because the first time that I ever saw Colonel Roosevelt was when I was at Columbia University, in 1896. At that time he came before us and delivered an address upon the theoretical and practical in politics, and he was defending himself—curiously enough, as it seemed later—he was defending himself of the charge of not being a practical man. He was defending himself against the assertion that he was purely an idealist and did not understand practical methods and that was because primarily he could not bring the Police Commission of New York into order. This was impossible because there were two on his side and two on the other side, and under those conditions the only thing possible was war and war it was until the end.
All through the Rooseveltian policies, all through the Roosevelt career you find a singular combination of high standards and the willingness to fight for his standard. There was nothing in Roosevelt of the cloistered or secluded philosopher, but there was everything in him of the willingness, first, to look upon your distant goal, and then fight your way toward it. He was willing to take the dirt and the sweat and the grime and the blood and the sacrifice and the toil that were necessary to reach the distant goal; he was not of the kind to sit and dream of what he would like to do and then forget to fight for it. His life was built not merely of battles, but also of dreams and visions of what things ought to be. And the striking thing is that he never longed to go so much that he forgot to move in that direction.

There are two types of people and they both have their uses in the world. There are those who dream and frame their dreams of distant futures and cease their activities with the conclusion of their dream, and there are those who struggle and toil and fight, but never lift up their eyes to see which way they are going. In Colonel Roosevelt America had its finest example of one who dreamed, but one who toiled toward the dream of his ideal. And it is a quality and a characteristic only too necessary and only too important to enforce and impress upon the great American people by precept and by example.

HIS IDEA OP CIVIC DUTY

Roosevelt, personally, of course, had a supreme contempt for a man who hoped for something in a public way or social way and would not fight for it. He had only the profoundest contempt for that attitude of mind which will criticize but will not work. He had nothing but indignation for a man who would denounce a government or a weakness, then would forget to vote when election time came. To his mind that was the highest type of civic treason. He felt and he taught that an education that leaves a man without a sense of social obligation is worse than nothing; and the life that ends—a business life or social life or professional life—that ends without having rendered its great contribution of sacrifice to the common good, whatever the pinnacle of fame of the individual has been, must be marked down in the long run as a failure. And over and over again in his actions and his speeches and in his writings he undertook not only to stir up the idealism of the American people, but to stir them toward effective action, of which nothing nobler in the world has ever been attained. 

HIS FIGHT FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE

Another great characteristic of Colonel Roosevelt was his broad view of social classes and of social questions and his willingness to meet these situations frankly and boldly as they came. Roosevelt was no man to mince words in the face of social dangers, he was no man to cringe or crouch before power, before wrong or before injustice, however great or however formidable it might seem. He was not afraid to denounce anarchy, whether it was found among those of great wealth or among those who had nothing at all. He was not afraid to denounce injustice, or wrong privileges, wherever they might be found. And in his day he fought all kinds of injustice, all exploitation, cruelty, privilege, wherever he might find them; but he fought them not only with what might be called windy platitudes, not only by words, but he fought them by deeds, he fought them by practical policies, he fought them by the organization of right-minded men for right purposes, and he fought them by unceasing tenacious struggle toward common purposes during long periods of time. For that he possessed a singular faculty and wonderful ability, and one of the greatest things that we have lost in America and the one thing the world has lost is this unflinching quality of social justice that Roosevelt possessed in so high a degree. Never was that quality more necessary, my friends, than at the present time and never were there greater problems to be worked out in sanity of judgment, where breadth of vision, where clearness of view and where courage and constructive power were more necessary than in the present day.

We are living in a new world, the character of which we ourselves scarcely realize. Militarism is dead or dying; autocracy has gone forever, and the world does not weep at its tomb. The world has been made a safe place for democracy, and now the nations of the world are wondering what kind of a democracy we will develop; and now the old ostentations of militarism and autocracy have gone forever, particularly is the world watching America to see what America understands by democracy, to see what we understand by self-government, to see what we understand by liberty, to see what our interpretation of justice is—and what a pity it is, in these critical years, that the courage and the insight and the constructive power of this great leader are taken away from us.

ROOSEVELT'S GREAT WORK

It is a rash thing for any man to undertake to make an appraisal of the work of another man at so close a range to him personally and at so close a range to him historically, yet we may raise the question today in this memorial service: What was the great work of Theodore Roosevelt ? It was of two kinds as I see it, my friends. One of his great works was his material constructive achievement. As Police Commissioner of New York, as member of the Legislature of New York, as Governor of the Empire State, he left his mark on a long series of detailed measures unnecessary to enumerate here; and as President of the United States and as citizen of the world, he left his impress in definite ways, in specific measures, and in a manner that never can be forgotten.	
 
Whether it is the Panama Canal or whether the irrigation works of the West, or whether his attempt to control the gigantic corporate interests of the country, or whether it is the stimulation  and development of the American Navy, or whether it is the organization of the rural life of the community, or whether it is his work on public health and sanitation, or whether it is one of the dozen other great and historie outstanding features of his work, these are imperishable monuments to his memory in the history of our country. And yet, beyond all that,- he was not only a builder in the sense that he was a part of the constructive period of our history for thirty years, but more than all that, e was a dynamic force.

His work must be measured not only by what Roosevelt himself did, but by what he drove others to do; not only by what he did himself, but by what he inspired others to d»; not only by what he did himself, but by what he led others to do. Roosevelt's hammer blow struck the civic conscience of America and he released untold forces of manhood and womanhood, inspired by the same high ideals that he had held and by the same willingness to fight for ideals for which his life had stood; and his work must be appraised not by what he did personally—great as it was, magnificent and wonderful—but by the indefinable and immeasurable current of life and power that he sent shooting through the veins of America.
Where there was one Roosevelt, there sprang up ten thousand young men who followed his standard and who adopted his ideals and his methods; where there were ten thousand men active because of his work, there were millions of people who are inspired, influenced, directed, and encouraged by this master spirit of American political life. His fearlessness, his courage, his outspoken statements, his broad democratic methods, his high ideals and his practical ability made him one of the great assets of American national public life; and when we lose this asset we have lost something that will be a long time in replacing. The monuments of his work will remain, but that impulse, that driving force, that electric energy, that superabundant ability that was a great inspiration to a great many millions of people, for the time being has been eclipsed.

THE GENIUS OP ROOSEVELT

All in all, America has lost a great man who rendered his great service in his own way.

The genius of Washington was his military ability and that calm poise that made George Washington a dignified center around which the American union might be built.
The genius of Andrew Jackson was his great military ability, and then his slashing attack upon forces that might have made of America something other than a democracy.
The genius of Lincoln was his human sympathy and his great battle upon the system of organized privilege that held four million as slaves.

The genius of Roosevelt was his constructive statesmanship and his immense impulse toward higher standards and higher ideals and keener civic conscience in America. He vitalized and energized his party, but not only did he vitalize and energize the Republican party and the great Progressive party, but he vitalized and energized the American people, stimulated its civic conscience, stirring its will to action and inspiring it to practical Americanization, which lies at the bottom of the success of this republic of ours.

And so today, my friends, we meet to pay honor to the memory of a great man. Colonel Roosevelt is dead and his body sleeps, but let us believe, my friends, and let us make sure that the spirit of Colonel Roosevelt goes marching triumphantly on, marching on toward the highest standards of civic conduct, marching on toward more practical methods of their achievement, marching on toward a broader and finer democracy in the social and political and industrial life of our country, marching on toward a greater and nobler America, marching on toward a finer type of international justice and of international order.

Dr. Bradley's Address

Dr. Preston Bradley spoke after Captain Merriam on the memorial occasion referred to above, as follows: I am sure, my friends, that after a speech such as you have just listened to, the life and character of Theodore Roosevelt has been so carefully and analytically given to you that there is not much left for me to say in a large way, but I want to give my little tribute to him personally.

In 1912 Roosevelt came to Chicago, and for the first time in the history of national politics a man went into a great national convention endorsed in the presidential preference primary for the Presidency of the United States, and those stormy days came, and I stood under the balcony of the Congress Hotel and saw him come out in the midst of the battle and shake that clenched hand of his before the Michigan boulevard, black with people, and I heard him say again, "We refuse to try the title for stolen property before the judge who stole it." And I saw him that night walk out on the platform of Orchestra Hall while the audience were singing, "Onward, Christian Soldiers"; and I saw the Progressive party born, and then the great battles of those months which came on, and the political life and character of America all changed because of those two or three days. And then I could see the keen astuteness of the politician and the man who had the best of the country at heart; those days when the convention was at the Auditorium and they were waiting to receive word from Sagamore  ill, and word came back that he said "No!" And as he faced the storm of the Republican party of this country, when the Progressive party was organized he faced the storm of the Progressive party because he was loyal, and he refused the nomination thrust upon him and the party as a political organization practically died after its work had been accomplished and achieved.

THE TRUE AMERICAN

We saw all this, and then the great war came and he became the spokesman of our highest type of true Americanism; and while there are those who criticized him for his criticism of some things that had taken place, there is one outstanding fact that stares us in the face today, and that is that after Theodore Roosevelt's criticisms of the administration, we noticed that the mistake was not repeated.

This service in this great church of ours, yours and mine, we have held to do him honor at this memorial time. I shall feel his loss very deeply, personally, because I loved him; loved him for what he was. Any man of pronounced opinions and strong ideals and not afraid of the common-run who have their own little axes to grind,—any man is bound to have enemies who is pronounced in his individualism. And I love Roosevelt because of the character of his enemies. I love him because they reveal the type of man that he was himself—and they love him, too. Why, a whole nation has forgotten politics and past battles.

The affection in which he was held in the hearts of the youth of his country was peculiarly expressed in one of our schools last Monday morning when the children came to school, about fifty. They came in and they said, "Teddy is dead." Forty-nine of the children called him "Teddy," only one said "Mr. Roosevelt." "Teddy,"—and the fact that a whole nation and the world could call him '' Teddy'' is evidence of his more than superlative greatness—if there is such a thing—of heart and soul, of body and of mind. He was the man unafraid. And the finest thing I know about Theodore Roosevelt is that with him there was no compromise, no compromise; you can't compromise where great issues are involved in this world; you can't compromise on questions between right and wrong in this world; you can't compromise where the whole destiny of a nation and mankind is involved. The only thing is to have what you think is steady loyalty and unswerving devotion around you, and do what you think is right, and if you have found out what is right, go ahead.

"IN FOR A BIT OF SLEEP"

I read with tears in my eyes a letter of friends who told about the last night at Oyster Bay, one week ago, after he bid his family good-night, Mrs. Roosevelt had been alone with him, and his old colored servant had been with him at 11:15 when he said, "Jim, will you turn out the light? I am in for a bit of sleep." And he never woke up.

He has been quoted as saying that if the war had continued three years longer, he probably would have lost every son in his family, for, he said, "They are fighters, there is not a quitter in the bunch." And though there are thousands of others like him, yet he did lose that favorite son of the White House, Quentin, and he was going to let him sleep where the enemy bullet found him. A great sorrow was in his heart, but it was the personal human sorrow of separation. A great thanksgiving was in his life that he had been able to give a son, as you have done, per-haps, to the great cause of world freedom and of democracy and justice.
 
LIFE OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT

ZZZ And so, quietly and tenderly they laid him away in the little cemetery where you and I are going to make pilgrimages to his grave; and we are going to stand there, and we are going to read his books and state papers, and we are going to listen once more to his great speeches; we are going to do all this because-a new day has been born to the world. The world is sick and tired of your petty political dreams of graft; the world is tired of your narrow bigotry along political lines; a world has been re-born. Freedom 'a banner has been unfurled, and freed men we shall be, no longer to be driven and beaten by the bosses of politics; no longer to be corralled. Freed men, free because of the greatness of such spirits as have helped to make men free.
And in the pilgrimage of that soul released—and that body still carrying the bullet that Captain Merriam so dramatically and beautifully portrayed to you, that body will go back to the dust, but the spul of Roosevelt shall go marching on. And so I say to you and I say to him, and I say to all who loved him, Theodore Roosevelt, Hail and Farewell!
In Paris and London

While in his own land, cities and towns, the capital and villages united in contemplation of the former President's distinguished achievements, Paris halted in making the world peace on Sunday, February 9,1919, and led by President Wilson and Secretary of State Lansing, paid honor to Mr. Roosevelt at a service in the American Church. In the church were other members of the Peace Conference and hosts of the dead President's friends and acquaintances.

Great Britain showed its respect at a memorial service in Westminster Abbey, to which went many men prominent in the councils of the Government. It was the first time any man not a Briton had been so signally honored. In other capitals, of the smaller nations whose cause Colonel Roosevelt so persistently championed, similar services were conducted.